Synergetic effect of onion (Allium cepa), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and garlic (Allium sativum) on in vitro iron bioaccessibility from cooked dehusked mungbean

The usage of combination of onion (Allium cepa), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and garlic (Allium sativum) in legume preparations is vogue in North India but the amounts of these three additives need to be optimized to enhance iron bioavailability from the legumes. Four levels of the three additives were set where onion and tomato were added to 100 g of base legume i.e. dehusked mungbean (Vigna radiata) @ 25, 50, 75 and 100g each while garlic was added @ 5, 10, 15 and 20g. The inclusion of the combination of onion tomato and garlic at levels Level 1 (4.55), Level 2 (5.37), Level 3 (5.80) and Level 4 (7.11) had a significantly (p?0.05) higher ascorbicacid level when compared to the legume with no additive (0.26mg). ?-carotene content increased significantly (p?0.05) at all the levels (15.42 to 36.2?g) when compared to the legume with no additive (13.64?g/100 g fresh weight) Similarly, the in vitro iron bioaccessibility increased significantly (p?0.05) when the level of fortificationincreased, the percent increase being 11.9, 14.1, 25.6 and 54.6 % at Level 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively when compared to the legume with no additive . The study concluded that the combination of onion (100g), tomato (100g) and garlic (20g) can enhance the bioaccessibility of iron from legumes maximally, hence, the observation can be useful in evolving dietary strategies to maximize the bioavailability of minerals from legumes

Semi-Implicit finite-difference methods to study the spin-orbit and coherently coupled spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

We develop time-splitting finite difference methods, using implicit Backward-Euler and semi-implicit Crank-Nicolson discretization schemes, to study the spin-orbit coupled spinor Bose Einstein condensates with coherent coupling in quasi-one and quasi-two-dimensional traps. The split equations involving kinetic energy and spin-orbit coupling operators are solved using either time-implicit Backward-Euler or semi-implicit Crank-Nicolson methods. We explicitly develop the method for pseudospin-1/2, spin-1, and spin-2 condensates. The results for ground states obtained with time-splitting Backward-Euler and Crank-Nicolson methods are in excellent agreement with time-splitting Fourier spectral method which is one of the popular methods to solve the mean-field models for spin-orbit coupled spinor condensates. We confirm the emergence of different phases in spin-orbit coupled pseudospin-1/2, spin-1, and spin-2 condensates with coherent coupling

FORTRESS: FORTRAN programs for solving coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations for spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate

Here, we present simple and efficient numerical scheme to study static and dynamic properties of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with spin-orbit (SO) coupling by solving three coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations (CGPEs) in three-, quasi-two and quasi-one dimensional systems. We provide a set of three codes developed in FORTRAN 90/95 programming language with user defined '{\em option}' of imaginary and real-time propagation. We present the numerical results for energy, chemical potentials, and component densities for the ground state and compare with the available results from the literature. The results are presented for both the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin-1 BECs with and without SO coupling. To improve the computational speed, all the codes have the option of OpenMP parallelization. We have also presented the results for speedup and efficiency of OpenMP parallelization for the three codes with both imaginary and real-time propagation

Comparative evaluation of Doolittle, Cupkit and Karl Jenter techniques for rearing Apis mellifera Linnaeus queen bees during breeding season

Comparative evaluation of Doolittle, Karl Jenter and Cupkit techniques of Apis mellifera Linnaeus queen bee rearing was done during spring (mid February- mid April 2013) breeding season. The highest acceptance of cell cups (66.00 %), queen cells raising (64.00 %), their sealing (60.67 %) and emergence of gynes (54.67 %) was recorded in Cupkit apparatus. Maximum weight of newly emerged gyne was recorded in Doolittle method in plastic cell cups (212.36 mg), while the mean weight was 184.96 mg in case of Cupkit apparatus. Overall, Cupkit proved to be the best option for queen bee rearing because of its better performance in terms of acceptance of larvae (66.00 %) and the number of successfully produced gynes i.e. 16 queens/colony/cycle of 12 days

FORTRESS II: FORTRAN programs for solving coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations for spin-orbit coupled spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensate

We provide here a set of three OpenMP parallelized FORTRAN 90/95 programs to compute the ground states and the dynamics of trapped spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with anisotropic spin-orbit (SO) coupling by solving a set of five coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations using a time-splitting Fourier spectral method. Depending on the nature of the problem, without any loss of generality, we have employed the Cartesian grid spanning either three-, two-, or one-dimensional space for numerical discretization. To illustrate the veracity of the package, wherever feasible, we have compared the numerical ground state solutions of the full mean-field model with those from the simplified scalar models. The two set of results show excellent agreement, in particular, through the equilibrium density profiles, energies and chemical potentials of the ground-states. We have also presented test results for OpenMP performance parameters like speedup and the efficiency of the three codes

Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of Bose-Bose mixtures in optical lattices

We examine the quench dynamics across quantum phase transitions from a Mott insulator (MI) to a superfluid (SF) phase in a two-component bosonic mixture in an optical lattice. We show that two-component Bose mixtures exhibit qualitatively different quantum dynamics than one-component Bose gas. Besides second-order MI-SF transitions, we also investigate quench dynamics across a first-order MI-SF transition. The Bose mixtures show the critical slowing down of dynamics near the critical transition point, as proposed by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. For MI-SF transitions with homogeneous lattice-site distributions in the MI phase, the dynamical critical exponents extracted by the power-law scaling of the proposed quantities obtained via numerical simulations are in very close agreement with the mean-field predictions.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure

Mitigation of Scintillation Effects in WDM FSO System using Multibeam Technique, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2017, nr 2

Free Space Optical communication (FSO) has engrossed a large section of researchers in recent times due to its wide bandwidth, effortless deployment and immune links making it appropriate for communication purposes. This wireless optical technique requires clear and non-turbulent atmospheric conditions for efficient transmission. In this paper, authors aim at reducing the effect of turbulent atmospheric conditions like scintillation effect on FSO. Multibeam technique, which uses spatially diverse transmitters for transmission, has been used for increasing the achievable link distance of the FSO system. Parameters like quality factor and bit error rate have been used to check the received signal quality

Relay-assisted WDM-FSO System: A Better Solution for Communication under Rain and Haze Weather Conditions, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2017, nr 4

Among various conventional wireless communication systems, Free Space Optics (FSO) may be distinguished as well, which provides a good level security, high data rates, an enormous bandwidth and negligible susceptibility to electromagnetic interference. The main problem arises with unfavorable weather conditions, which affect the system’s parameters and require an aversion to other paths. The weather conditions discussed are rain and haze. Elimination of their adverse effects is essential for establishing a better communication system. The routing path is a major issue, as its decreased parameters lead to the diversion of the transmitted signal or to its total loss. In this article, increased system path length and proficiency levels are demonstrated by using relays, which are assisted by Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)